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This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggests that even though muscle strength and physical performance are likely to be increased by exercise or nutrition intervention alone, combined interventions are likely to be even more effective.
- Combined interventions were found likely to improve skeletal muscle quality and strength in older adults, which may lead to improved physical performance.
- Changes in muscle quality were seen only in combined interventions, and neither exercise nor nutrition alone had any effect.
- Improved muscle strength was observed in all interventions; however, the magnitude was relatively small in nutrition interventions alone.
- Physical performance was enhanced only with combined intervention and exercise.
- These results may suggest that to improve sarcopenia in older adults, a combined intervention that increases muscle quality, strength, and physical performance is the most effective.